Dungeness River Area Land Cover, 1858

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Penelope Jennings Eckert

Publication_Date: 19980604

Title: Dungeness River Area Land Cover, 1858

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Publisher: University of Washington

Other_Citation_Details:

This coverage was produced as part of Penelope Eckert's PhD thesis for the University of Washington College of Forest Resources, Social Sciences

Online_Linkage:

http://www.onrc.washington.edu/pub/clearinghouse/penelope/claldata/landcover/lc1859.e00.gz

Description:

Abstract:

This coverage is a land cover map of the lower Dungeness river watershed, northern Olympic peninsula, Washington, USA. The land cover map for 1858 was developed based on notes and maps created for a General Land Office survey of the north Olympic peninsula. The original canvas maps are available at the federal government's Sandpoint Archives, while the maps and notes are available on microfiche from the Bureau of Land Management, Portland. The surveyors were not interested in classifying land, per se, so a land cover/vegetation coverage was developed based on the kinds of things the surveyors said about the vegetation in their notes. These classes were then recombined into the standard classes developed for the airphoto interpretation land cover maps. This final classification produced the 1858 land cover map.

Purpose:

The purpose of this coverage is to be a part of a time series of coverages which show land cover and water use changes in the lower Dungeness watershed from 1859 to 1994

Supplemental_Information:

More detailed information about these coverages is available in Penelope Eckert's PhD Thesis, University of Washington, College of Forest Resources, June 1998.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 18580101

Ending_Date: 18581231

Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned

 

 
 
 
 
 

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.2917

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.0333

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.16667

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.01667

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: land cover

Theme_Keyword: land use

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: Olympic peninsula

Place_Keyword: Dungeness river watershed

Place_Keyword: Dungeness river

Place_Keyword: Washington

Place_Keyword: Sequim

Place_Keyword: Carlsborg

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints: None

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Penelope Jennings Eckert

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing Address

Address:

Box 352100, College of Forest Resources,

University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 543-0102

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: peckert@fwenc.com

Native_Data_Set_Environment: UNIX-ARC/INFO

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

In relation to attribute accuracy several assumptions were made in order to use the surveyor's maps and notes to produce a land cover map. 1) To develop a vegetation map for 1858 it was necessary to rely on the surveyors notes on changes in vegetation along the section lines which they were mapping. These changes in vegetation were correlated with similar changes along parallel section lines. Assumptions that burned areas in the forest and swamps were large and contiguous led to the connecting of points indicating burns and swamps using topography and creek locations as guides. This does not take into account changes in vegetation between section lines which the surveyors did not observe. These assumptions are carried over into the land cover map. 2) Assumption that current vegetative associations identified for the hemlock forest type in this century are relevant for identification of vegetation from 140 years ago. Pollen studies tend to support this assumption. 3) Assumption that species names were consistent and identifiable. Surveyors identified species by common name, and although many are still in use today, some are quite different and have no modern equivalent. 4) Descriptions that the surveyors noted in their field books corresponded to the surrounding vegetation.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Coverage is topologically clean. Test performed using ArcInfo 7.1

Completeness_Report:

For the 1858 survey maps on which this coverage is based the surveyors were required to map township boundaries, section boundaries, coastlines, meander lines of rivers, and to note the presence of dwellings, fences, and fields. In addition, they were required to make sufficient note of vegetation, soils, and topography. The original maps showed prairies, fields, abrupt changes in topography and dwellings. To develop a vegetation map for 1858 it was necessary to rely on both these maps and the surveyors notes on changes in vegetation along the section lines which they were mapping. These changes in vegetation were correlated with similar changes along parallel section lines. Assumptions that burned areas in the forest and swamps were large and contiguous led to the connecting of points along section lines indicating burns and swamps by using topography and creek locations as guides. This does not take into account changes in vegetation between section lines which the surveyors did not observe. These assumptions are carried over into the land cover map.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: none

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: none

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: General Land Office, US government

Publication_Date: 1863

Title:

General Land Office Survey Maps and Notes, Northern Olympic Peninsula, 1858

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map

Other_Citation_Details:

The original canvas maps are available at the federal government's Sandpoint Archives, while the maps and notes are available on microfiche from the Bureau of Land Management, Portland.

Type_of_Source_Media: Paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 18580101

Ending_Date: 18581231

Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 1858 General Land Office Survey Maps

Source_Contribution:

These maps were used to develop the vegetation and land cover coverages for 1858.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

For the 1858 survey maps on which this coverage is based the surveyors were required to map township boundaries, section boundaries, coastlines, meander lines of rivers, and to note the presence of dwellings, fences, and fields. In addition, they were required to make sufficient note of vegetation, soils, and topography. The original maps showed prairies, fields, abrupt changes in topography and dwellings. To develop a vegetation map for 1858 it was necessary to rely on both these maps and the surveyors notes on changes in vegetation along the section lines which they were mapping. These changes in vegetation were correlated with similar changes along parallel section lines. Assumptions that burned areas in the forest and swamps were large and contiguous led to the connecting of points along section lines indicating burns and swamps by using topography and creek locations as guides. This does not take into account changes in vegetation between section lines which the surveyors did not observe. The survey maps supplemented with the field note were digitized into a vegetation coverage.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 1858 General Land Office Survey Maps

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Penelope Jennings Eckert

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing Address

Address:

Box 352100, College of Forest Resources,

University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 543-0102

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: peckert@fwenc.com

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

The second step was to reclassify the vegetation categories to match land cover categories designated for the land cover maps produced through air photo interpretation. The following is the key for conversion between the vegetation map categories and the land cover map categories: prairie = grassy/brushy; field = field; grassy marsh = grassy/brushy; brushy marsh = grassy/brushy; alder marsh = forest; crabapple marsh = forest; burned forest = grassy/brushy; oaks = forest; forest = forest; unknown = forest; beach = bare.

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Penelope Jennings Eckert

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing Address

Address:

Box 352100, College of Forest Resources,

University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (206) 543-0102

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: peckert@fwenc.com

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Dungeness River Watershed

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector

Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-Polygon

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 60

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Label Point

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 59

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Node, Planar Graph

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 278

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Complete Chain

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 93

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Grid_Coordinate_System:

Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: State Plane Coordinate System 1927

State_Plane_Coordinate_System:

SPCS_Zone_Identifier: 5601

Lambert_Conformal_Conic:

Standard_Parallel: 47.5

Standard_Parallel: 48.7333

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: 120.8333

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 47

False_Easting: 500000

False_Northing: 0

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927

Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866

Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Land Cover

Entity_Type_Definition:

Land cover is the type of surface features that appear to exist within the study area. Land cover does not imply land use. For example, land use for "bare" lands varied from active gravel mines to protected park beaches and from highway right-of-way fill slopes to the shifting sediments of the Dungeness River bed. This land cover classification was developed based on distinguishable photo characteristics used to create land cover maps for later time periods in the study, and did not include soils, land tenure, or other sources of information. Land cover was classified based on water use. Thus all kinds of (unirrigated) forest were lumped together as forest if their crowns were closed, while an area of grass might be lawn, field, grassy/brushy, or pasture, depending on its apparent use. For this coverage the land cover type was interpolated from categories developed from the General Land Survey maps.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source:

PhD thesis, The Social Construction of a Watershed: Changing Rights and Changing Land, Penelope Jennings Eckert, June 1998, University of Washington, School of Forestry

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: lc

Attribute_Definition: land cover class

Attribute_Definition_Source:

PhD thesis, The Social Construction of a Watershed: Changing Rights and Changing Land, Penelope Jennings Eckert, June 1998, University of Washington, School of Forestry

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1 = u = built

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Generally a building or a paved area, may be a whole series of buildings and connecting spaces. Up to 20% of the ground surface may be covered in lawn or landscaping.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: PhD Thesis, Penelope Eckert, UW, Forestry

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2 = l = lawn

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

A discrete area of irrigated mowed grass, not apparently part of an agricultural field. When the area is contiguous with agricultural fields, fencelines and texture differences help to distinguish lawns from fields.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: PhD Thesis, Penelope Eckert, UW, Forestry

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3 = gb = grassy/brushy

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

An area of low vegetation, not tree size and not irrigated. This classification included new forest plantations, new home construction where irrigation was not in place, brush along river and creek channels, and recovering areas of gravel mines

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: PhD Thesis, Penelope Eckert, UW, Forestry

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4 = f = field

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

This designation refers to alfalfa or timothy grass hayfields, actively irrigated and mowed. Tractor lines from present or immediate past mowing were an important indicator other than uniformity of surface and reflectance.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: PhD Thesis, Penelope Eckert, UW, Forestry

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5 = p = pasture

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

An area of irrigated vegetation where signs of grazing are evident. These signs include selective removal of species with bunches of grasses left, trails to water or to gates, and fences.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: PhD Thesis, Penelope Eckert, UW, Forestry

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6 = be = berries/row

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Areas of highly organized crops, usually with vine supports (for berries) or clear raised rows on the land (for row crops like brassica seed).

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: PhD Thesis, Penelope Eckert, UW, Forestry

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7 = o = orchard

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Irrigated tree crops, whether apples or Douglas-fir in the Weyerhaeuser seed orchard.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: PhD Thesis, Penelope Eckert, UW, Forestry

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8 = of = open forest

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Areas of tree cover, either hardwood or conifer, but native vegetation, where crown closure averaged less than 40% over the area.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: PhD Thesis, Penelope Eckert, UW, Forestry

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 9 = fo = forest

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Areas of tree cover, either hardwood or conifer, but native vegetation, where crown closure was at least 40%. As soon as a plantation showed tree crowns as distinguished from brushy cover, it was classified as forest.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: PhD Thesis, Penelope Eckert, UW, Forestry

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 10 = ba = bare

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

This designation was used for beaches, gravel pits, large stretches of highway 101, and areas stripped of vegetation in apparent preparation for construction.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: PhD Thesis, Penelope Eckert, UW, Forestry

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: 11 = wa = water

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Open water visible the day the photo was flown. Water bodies obscured by vegetation were not included.

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: PhD thesis, Penelope Eckert, UW, Forestry

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ac

Attribute_Definition:

Acres, calculated by using ARC internal measure AREA / 43560, since the internal measure is in square feet.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

PhD thesis, The Social Construction of a Watershed: Changing Rights and Changing Land, Penelope Jennings Eckert, June 1998, University of Washington, School of Forestry

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0

Range_Domain_Maximum: not established

Attribute_Units_of_Measure:

ment: acres

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Olympic Natural Resources Center

Contact_Position: GIS Specialist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing Address

Address: PO Box 1628

City: Forks

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98331

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 360.374.3220 x258

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 3603743336

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: onrc@u.washington.edu

Hours_of_Service: M-F 8-5

Contact_Instructions: Email preferred

Resource_Description: dataset as known by distributor: lc1858

Distribution_Liability:

The Olympic Natural Resource Center cannot assure the reliability or suitability of this information for a particular purpose. Original data elements were compiled from various sources. Spatial information may not meet National Mapping Accuracy Standards. This information may be updated, corrected, or otherwise modified without notification. For additional information about this data contact the Olympic Natural Resource Center.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: ARCE

Format_Version_Number: 7.1

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

http://www.onrc.washington.edu/pub/clearinghouse/penelope/claldata/landcover/lc1859.e00.gz

Fees: None

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 19981120

Metadata_Review_Date: 19981120

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Olympic Natural Resources Center

Contact_Position: GIS Specialist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing Address

Address: PO Box 1628

City: Forks

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98331

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 360.374.3220 x258

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 3603743336

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: onrc@u.washington.edu

Hours_of_Service: M-F 8-5

Contact_Instructions: Email preferred

Metadata_Standard_Name:

FGDC Content Standards For Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: June 8, 1994