MARINE PROGRAMS
Strategic Priorities

Biological Control of Weeds Projects

What is Biological Control?

Safety in Biological Control

Biological Control of Spartina

Biological Control of Knotweeds

References

Biocontrol Staff

"Invasive Spartina in Willapa Bay" website

"Olympic Region Harmful Algal Blooms" website

References

Cofrancesco, A.F., Jr. and J.F. Shearer.  2004. Technical advisory group for biological control agents of weeds.  In: Coombs, E.M, J.K. Clark, G.L. Piper, and A.F. Cofrancesco, Jr. (eds.)  Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States.  Oregon State University Press.

Daehler, C.C. and Strong, D.R. 1997. Reduced herbivore resistance in introduced smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) after a century of herbivore-free growth.  Oecologia 110, 99-108.

Davis, H.G., D. Garcia-Rossi, M. Daoust and D.R. Strong. 2002. The use of molecular assays to identify plant pathogenic organisms vectored by  biological control agents. BioControl 47, 487-497.

Denno, R.F. 1976. Ecological significance of wing polymorphism in Fulgoroidea which inhabit tidal salt marshes.  Ecol. Entomol. 6, 359-372.

Denno, R.F. 1978. The optimum population strategy for planthoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in stable marsh habitats.  Can. Entomol. 110, 135-142.

Denno, R.F., Roderick, G.K., Peterson, M.A., Huberty, A.F., Dobel, H.G., Eubanks, M. D., Losey, J.E., and Langellotto, G.A. 1996. Habitat persistence underlies intraspecific variation in the dispersal strategies of planthoppers.  Ecol. Monogr. 66, 389-408.

Grevstad, F.S., D.R. Strong, D. Garcia-Rossi, R.W. Switzer, and M.S. Wecker.  2003.  Biological control of Spartina alterniflora in Willapa Bay, Washington using the planthopper Prokelisia marginata: agent specificity and early results.  Biological Control 27: 32-42.

Grevstad, F.S., M.S. Wecker, and R.W. Switzer.  2004.  Habitat tradeoffs in the summer and winter performance of the planthopper Prokelisia marginata introduced against the intertidal grass Spartina alterniflora in Willapa Bay, WA.  In: J. Cullen (ed.) Proceedings of the XI International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds.  April 27 – May 3, 2003.  CSIRO, Canberra, Australia.

McEvoy, P.M. 1996.  Host specificity and biological pest control.  Bioscience 46: 401-405.

Pemberton, R.W.  2000.  Predictable risk to native plants in weed biological control.  Oecologia 125: 489-494. 

Strong, D.R. and Stiling, P.D. 1983. Wing dimorphism changed by experimental density manipulation in a planthopper, Prokelisia marginata (Homoptera: Delphacidae).  Ecology 64, 206-209.

Shaw, R.H. and L.A. Seiger.  2002.  Japanese Knotweed.  In: Blossey, B., M. Hoddle, and R. Reardon (eds.) Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States.  USDA Forest Service,  Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. 

Wu, M., Hacker, S., Ayres, D., and Strong, D.R. 1999. Potential of Prokelisia spp. as biological control agents of English cordgrass, Spartina anglica. Biol. Control 16, 267‑273.

Zika, P.F. and A.L. Jacobson.  2003.  An overlooked hybrid Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum x sachalinense; Polygonaceae) in North America.  Rhodora 105: 143-152.